Rebecca Felton doesn’t get much attention these days, which some might find curious. She was the first woman to serve as a US senator, and a life-long political activist. That would usually make her worthy of celebration as a pioneer.
Trouble was, the political cause she was most passionate about was not women’s suffrage for which she fought for decades, but the lynching of black men. She was in favour of it. A fanatical white supremacist, she argued that giving black men the vote would flood society with vicious savages. Should the state fail to act against this menace, she urged Southerners to: “…lynch a thousand black men a week if necessary to protect women’s dearest possession.”
You can’t help but think of Felton when you observe the progress of imperial feminism in the West — a distinct phenomenon in which a simple model of liberation purveyed by liberal feminism is fused to notions of Western supremacy and firepower.
That’s not a new thing. Felton wasn’t the only first wave feminist/racist. Heroines like Virginia Woolf, Beatrice Webb and Marie Stopes were all racialists and eugenicists, identifying non-white men as a particular threat.
Second wave feminism, allied with civil rights and class struggles, pretty much got rid of that. Now one strand of third-wave feminism, detached from any larger notion of human liberation, has recrudesced.
The most recent example has been Virginia Haussegger’s contribution to the IQ squared debate ‘Has feminism failed?’ — a stupid topic, generating bad debate, since there is clearly no one single thing called ‘feminism’ anymore. Haussegger used her time to give a summary of global violence towards women, before ringing the bell with a couple of favourite clichés:
“Traditional, cultural practices that assert male authority will always disadvantage women. So why do we kow-tow to them? Why are we so ready to adopt a lazy, cultural-relativist position?
“…for a growing number of the world’s women, their freedoms are at serious risk. And feminism remains deathly silent.”
Ah yes, those damned cultural relativists, so omnipresent they don’t need to be quoted. And feckless first-world feminists, writing about shoes.
To deal with the second matter first. When imperial feminists say that feminists ignore non-Western women’s oppression, they usually mean that they don’t write it or act on it in the way they’d like.
There’s an obvious wealth of work going on — for one example, off the top of my head, take a look at Zed Books ‘gender’ catalogue, which features around 30 books on the topic, most of them connected to activist campaigns. Why ignore them? Laziness or deceit on the part of commentators who suggest that there’s no engagement — and a difficulty with the fact that such books don’t advocate wars and burqa bannings as easy solutions.
The cultural relativism stuff is more interesting. One culture Haussegger doesn’t touch on in assessing violence against women is ours: once again murder and assault of partners and others by white Western men is seen (or not seen at all) as a bunch of characterless crimes, when they are clearly motivated by warped beliefs in male right. But another one is Aboriginal Australia, where violence against women is sky-high. Vanuatu gets an extended treatment, homegrown violence passed over in silence.
In answering why this might be, we can touch on that rare beast, actual cultural relativism. After all, Haussegger has previously called former Liberal leader Brendan Nelson “breathtakingly insensitive” for mentioning “images of Aboriginal rapes and little girls being drowned and petrol-sniffing teenage criminals and drunken Aboriginal men s-xually abusing babies were flung out at the audience” during Rudd’s apology speech in 2008. Insensitive? Sounds a bit PC, but who would come out against Aborigines? Here’s another example:
“Instead, the Middle Way has always been about ensuring Tibetans maintain a connection to their culture: to their language, traditions, beliefs and their Buddhist heritage. And it is clearly Tibetan Buddhism that confounds the Chinese the most.
“Since invading Tibet back in 1951, China has tried desperately to shake, squeeze and smash the spirituality out of the people…”
Yes, Tibetan Buddhism inevitably gets a free pass in the cultural relativism stakes. Despite the fact that it regards women as inferior, — by TB doctrine Lamas are never reincarnated as women — practices female infanticide, and female house slavery, TB is spiritual. Haussegger’s attack on the under-education of women doesn’t find space to praise China’s efforts, which have seen education levels rise towards gender parity, most particularly in areas where Lama dominance is weakest.
So it goes on. The specific exclusions are all Western — a discussion of rising childbirth death rates fails to mention the Bush government’s refusal of aid to NGOs who give abortion advice as part of their services — the obsessive focus people we can bomb (the Middle East) or control (the Pacific).
Haussegger’s work isn’t an isolated instance, as I’ve shown before. By exclusion and silence, it not only makes its main achievement the legitimating of war, it renders invisible the systemic nature of Anglo/Caucasian/non-Islamic violence against women.
It is actively and utterly complicit in normalising it, and helping it disappear into the background — and the failure of a number of female commentators to make this basic link is appalling. Is feminism failing? Imperial feminism is — the house ideology of an unreflective Western elite, lost among the power and the prayer-bells.
Crikey is committed to hosting lively discussions. Help us keep the conversation useful, interesting and welcoming. We aim to publish comments quickly in the interest of promoting robust conversation, but we’re a small team and we deploy filters to protect against legal risk. Occasionally your comment may be held up while we review, but we’re working as fast as we can to keep the conversation rolling.
The Crikey comment section is members-only content. Please subscribe to leave a comment.
The Crikey comment section is members-only content. Please login to leave a comment.