The line-up for the UK’s Glastonbury music festival came out just the other day. I’m not going to attend (it’s a teensy bit far away), but I checked it out regardless.

What I saw was pretty amazing: a giant line-up of great bands who could easily have played at Glastonbury 1980.

The age profile of the acts on the poster was similar to the age profile at my local Scrabble club. Art Garfunkel, for example? He began his career in the ’50s. ZZ Top is among the headline acts too. The band began in the 1960s. The 1970s are well-represented with Madness and Earth, Wind and Fire.

It’s not all peppermint tea and hypertension medication backstage, though. Some up and comers are on the roster: Chvrches, Ezra Furman, James Blake, Jake Bugg for example. They’ve been going just a handful of years.

Still, the average age of bands on the poster was 17 years. The average date they were formed was 1999.

I then did something that made me worried. I found the poster for the Woodstock festival and repeated the process and found a massive contrast: the average founding date for acts playing at the 1969 festival was 1964. The bands were, on average, just five years old.

Woodstock is kind of the platonic form for music festivals: wild and loose, famous and influential. It is a big reason multi-day camping festivals continue to have cultural credibility despite their challenges. So why the huge difference in types of act?

Obviously, Woodstock and Glastonbury are different types of festival. So I compared Glastonbury 2016 to some earlier incarnations. They slotted in neatly in such a way that I’m pretty sure this is a trend.

bandages2

The average age of acts in Woodstock 1981 was 10.5 (rounded to 11 in the graph above). The average age of acts at Glastonbury 2003 was 12.

The line-up for Australia’s Splendour in the Grass Festival came out this week too. While it features up and comers like Courtney Barnett and Sampa the Great, the top two acts on the poster are The Cure, formed 1978 and the Strokes, formed 1998.

What does this mean? What does it say about the vitality of music and the future of the music industry?

Supply side: bands

It is increasingly financially difficult to be a young band. It is hard to make money when you can’t get people to come along to your shows, you can’t get a  recording contract and you can’t get people to pay for the tracks you release, even if they get a million listens on Spotify and SoundCloud.

Young bands are, more and more, small. I see a lot of two-pieces — in the Macklemore and Ryan Lewis style. One MacBook and one microphone. Many of them are pop and rap acts, rather than traditional “rock”.

It makes sense that when times are tough, the bands that survive and endure are ones with low set-up costs and low risks that everyone will skip band practice. Of course, that can make it hard to put on a killer live act. It really depends on having a vocalist who is a showman as well as a singer.

All this is cramping the supply of young bands that could fit onto a festival line-up.

Supply side: festivals

The fragmentation of the music industry means very few bands win mass appeal. The bands that do have mass appeal are older.

Leaked data from the cancelled Soundwave festival showed the Smashing Pumpkins were being paid $1.27 million to play just four dates.

The fate of that festival shows the problem. Festivals are hugely risky; they need to guarantee ticket sales or go broke. So they want to book an act that is a sure-fire hit. But those acts cost a fortune. So the opportunity to take risks shrinks even further.

A ticket to the original Woodstock cost US$18, or about two days on the US minimum wage. Glastonbury costs 228 pounds, or $427. That’s eight days at the UK adult minimum wage.

Demand side

While the 20-year-olds of 1969 were likely to have jobs, the same people today are still at university. Unemployment is higher among those under 25. There is just not the capacity to pay for a big music festival among the youth.

Big music festivals are doing everything they can to get oldies in.

I went to a festival earlier this year (Sugar Mountain) that offered an “immersive dining experiment” for those disinclined to buy hot chips and eat them on the lawn.

Most festivals also have special VIP areas with seats and shade, a concierge, a bar and great views of the stage. Obviously, this sort of development has caused a lot of consternation and spilled ink in the pages of Rolling Stone.

***

So does the big three-day festival of music and camping have a future? It is far from certain. As more mega stars of music follow Bowie into the great beyond, the music industry will continue to be more and more splintered and the future will likely be in smaller gigs.

If you want to experience the madness of a big festival, the time to do so is soon.