Recession in Australia

A new US report suggests that the tax cuts the government is anxious to give to large companies will end up in share buybacks and larger CEO remuneration rather than new investment and new jobs.

The Turnbull government remains committed to giving Australia’s, and the world’s, largest companies a huge tax cut that would drop their tax rate from 30% down to 25% over the coming decade, at a cost of over $60 billion in foregone revenue. The government, and business lobby groups like the Business Council of Australia — whose members already pay, on average, less than 25% tax — insist that the tax cut will increase investment, increase economic growth, increase employment, increase productivity and increase workers’ wages.

However, a report released last week by the progressive Institute for Policy Studies in the United States examined more than 90 of the biggest and most profitable US corporations that paid well below the headline US company tax rate of 35%. The list includes giants such as Exxon, AT&T, Boeing, FedEx, GE, the big defence contractors and major banks, which use tax loopholes and tax concessions to achieve tax rates often in single figures. The study found that, rather than being associated with higher jobs growth, the companies were associated with job cuts: the median job growth for the firms over the period 2008-16 was -1% compared to 6% for US private sector firms as a whole.

Two firms out of the 92 put on substantially more staff in the period: Amazon, which put on 324,000 staff over the period, and FedEx, which put on over 115,000; the total employment growth across all firms was 206,000, meaning the rest of the firms had, on average, downsized. As the report notes, 48 of the 92 firms, in all, cut jobs between 2008 and 2016, downsizing by a combined total of 483,000 positions.

So where did firms direct the higher profits they retained from paying less tax instead of job creation? According to the report, “over the 2008-2016 period, the top ten job-cutters in our sample each spent an average of $45.5 billion repurchasing their own stock, six times as much as the S&P 500 average of $7.4 billion.” This, in turn, helps drive up CEO remuneration via share options and stock price-based performance pay. According to the report “The CEOs of the 48 companies on our list that cut jobs while avoiding taxes collected even larger paychecks. In 2016 their total compensation averaged $14.9 million, 14 percent more than the S&P 500 average of $13.1 million.” That represented an 18% rise in real terms, compared to 13% for S&P500 CEOS.

The report backs up a 2014 National Bureau of Economic Research paper that found that, while company tax increases lead to reduced economic activity, there was little evidence that cuts had led to increased activity, unless implemented during a recession.

A report from the US Congressional Budget Office in March showed that Australia had one of the lower average corporate tax rates in the G20, discrediting the argument that we needed to cut company taxes to stop capital moving to other countries with lower tax rates.